Binary components of fractional logic

On this design thought logic components consisting of two nodes—an enter resistive matrix and a threshold module, working on the idea of fractional logic ideas—are proposed. Fractional logic differs in that the enter indicators of the “Log. 1” degree are transformed in a resistive matrix into indicators of the “Log. 1/n” degree, the place n is the variety of inputs. Switching of the brink module happens if the additive sum of the indicators on the enter of the brink aspect exceeds the switching threshold. Binary components of fractional logic, on account of using two housings (nodes), enable changing an intensive vary of housings of multi-input logic components AND/NAND and OR/NOR, which can considerably simplify and cut back the price of manufacturing digital merchandise.

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Binary components of electronics are referred to as digital constructions consisting of two interconnected circuit nodes. The next is an outline of the essential nodes of digital electronics working on the idea of the ideas of fractional logic [1, 2] and constructed from a mix of two nodes.

The primary of those nodes is a resistive matrix, Determine 1, whose resistances values meet sure necessities.

Determine 1 The enter resistive matrix of a binary aspect of fractional logic.

The second node or threshold module, Determine 2, comprises two comparators with a switching voltage set by resistors R1a and R2b (threshold switching voltage).

Determine 2 Threshold module of a binary aspect of fractional logic.

Fractional logic is totally appropriate with conventional logic and has the identical set of fundamental components. Fractional logic differs in that the enter indicators of the “Log. 1” degree within the enter circuits of the logic aspect are transformed into indicators of the “Log. 1/n” degree, the place n is the variety of inputs, for instance, “Log. 1/2”, “Log. 1/3”, “Log. 1/4”, and so on. The sum of the weights all these indicators are equal to at least one (“Log. 1”):

Think about the necessities for resistors of a resistive matrix, Determine 1. To ensure that the enter indicators so as to add up additively on the resistance R2 (the output of the matrix AND), the next situation have to be met: R>>(R1+R2); these resistances should differ by about two orders of magnitude.

When the sign “Log. 1” with a voltage U_in is utilized to any of the inputs X1–X4, the present I_i=1 flows via the resistor R:

To change the comparator, it’s vital that the voltage drop on the resistor R2 in Determine 1 exceeds the switching voltage of the comparator U_th when high-level indicators are utilized to all inputs of the logic aspect:

Clearly, for a two-input aspect AND, the switching of the comparator ought to happen when indicators of the “Log. 1” degree are utilized to its two inputs, however not when a sign of this degree is utilized to one in every of its inputs.

Accordingly, for a three-input logic aspect AND, switching of the comparator ought to happen when indicators are utilized to three of its inputs, however to not 2, and so on.

For inverters, repeaters (n=1), in addition to OR and NOR components with an arbitrary variety of inputs, the resistance worth of resistors R1+R2 could be decided by the method:

For OR/NOR logic components, when the management voltage is utilized to any of its inputs, the voltage drop on the resistors R1+R2 will clearly exceed the switching threshold of the brink aspect (comparator).

Calculation of R2 at n>1 for the logic components AND, NAND is carried out by the method:

Or for n=4:

From right here, you may decide the worth of the resistance of the resistor R1.

The limiting deviation of enter voltages ±ΔU_in relative to U_in, at which dependable operation of fractional logic components with n inputs (n>1) is feasible, could be outlined as:

And, at n=4 is ±14.7%.

Below the situation U_in=VCC (operation of the machine from a single energy supply), even with a major change within the provide voltage, the weather of fractional logic mechanically modify to the optimum working mode.

The variety of inputs for the implementation of the OR operate has no restrictions. To implement the AND/NAND operate, the variety of inputs formally has no restrictions, however for secure and dependable operation of the logic aspect, it’s price limiting the variety of inputs to 4.

Connection of three of the 4 resistors of the resistive matrix (R>>(R1+R2)) to a typical bus (if one of many inputs of the logic aspect is equipped with “Log. 1″, for the opposite three–”Log. 0”) doesn’t have an effect on of the voltage on the resistor R2.

Choices for the synthesis of four-input logic components 4OR/4NOR or 4AND/4NAND are offered in Determine 3.

Determine 3 Choices for acquiring four-input fractional logic components from two nodes.

In flip, different components could be obtained from these components, for instance, NOT, 2NAND, and plenty of others (Determine 4).

Determine 4 Choices for utilizing fractional logic components.

To implement the 2XOR/XNOR operate as a part of the fractional logic components, a modification of the enter node, Determine 5, will probably be required. The resistance values of the resistors of the resistive divider are the identical as for the OR/NOR components.

Determine 5 The enter node of a two-input logic aspect of fractional logic 2XOR/2XNOR.

Determine 6 exhibits different choices for acquiring 2XOR/2XNOR components from two nodes.

Determine 6 Variants of components of fractional logic 2XOR/2XNOR.

The benefit of binary components of fractional logic is:

1. Compatibility with logic components of earlier generations, the power to work within the vary of provide voltages and enter sign ranges from models to tens of volts.
2. The potential for creating fractional logic and utilizing precedence inputs, the burden of the logical indicators of which is 2, three or extra occasions (e.g., 2/3, 3/4) the burden of the logical indicators on the regular inputs (1/3 and 1/4, respectively). It will assist you to rank the enter indicators in accordance with their diploma of significance.
3. Fractional logic components can work with ternary logic indicators whose enter ranges have the values “Log. –1”; “Log. 0”; “Log. +1”.

Binary components of fractional logic on account of using two housings (nodes) enable one to exchange an intensive vary of housings of multi-input logic components AND /NAND and OR/NOR, which can considerably simplify and cut back the price of manufacturing of digital merchandise.

References

1. Shustov M.A. “Fractional logic”, Radiolotsman, 2020, No. 7–8, pp. 34–39. https://www.rlocman.ru/overview/article.html?di=621807
2. ShustovA. “Chip 222 – different 555. PWM generator with impartial frequency management”, Worldwide Journal of Circuits and Electronics, 2021, V. 6, P. 23–31. Pub. Date: 06 September 2021. https://www.iaras.org/iaras/dwelling/computer-science-communications/caijce/chip-222-alternative-555-pwm-generator-with-independent-frequency-control

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